AUTHORS:
Russell, P. B., Hignett, P., Livingston, J. M., Schmid, B., Chien, A.,
Durkee, P. A., Hobbs, P. V., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K.
(PBR) NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA;
(PH) Meteorological Research Flight, DRA Farnborough, Hampshire, UK;
(JML) SRI International, Menlo Park, CA;
(BS) Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, San Francisco, CA;
(AC) Symtech Corporation, Moffett Field, CA;
(PAD) Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA;
(PVH) University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
(TSB, PKQ) NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA;
CONTACT: prussell@mail.arc.nasa.gov
CACGP ABSTRACT:
Radiative flux changes by aerosols from North America, Europe, and Africa
over the Atlantic Ocean: Measurements and calculations from TARFOX and ACE-2
Aerosol effects on atmospheric radiative fluxes provide a forcing function
that is a major source of uncertainty in understanding the past climate
and predicting climate change. To help reduce this uncertainty, the 1996
Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX)
and the 1997 second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) measured
the properties and radiative effects of American, European, and African
aerosols over the Atlantic. In TARFOX, radiative fluxes and microphysics
of the American aerosol were measured from the UK C-130 while optical depth
spectra, aerosol composition, and other properties were measured by the
University of Washington C-131A and the CIRPAS Pelican. Closure studies
show that the measured flux changes agree with those derived from the aerosol
measurements using several modeling approaches. The best-fit midvisible
single-scatter albedos (~0.90 to 0.96) obtained from the TARFOX flux comparisons
lend support to values derived by independent techniques. In ACE-2 we measured
optical depth and extinction spectra for both European urban-marine aerosols
and free-tropospheric African dust aerosols, using sunphotometers on the
R/V Vodyanitskiy and the Pelican. Aerosol-induced flux changes are being
computed from these and related ACE-2 measurements using methods applied
in TARFOX. Effects on upwelling and downwelling fluxes will be compared
to the TARFOX results.
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Last updated July-20-2002