CHAART Sensor Evaluation: Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Characteristics

Infectious agent: Trypanosoma spp.; one factor governing development within vector is temperature

Vector: Six species of tsetse fly (Glossina); outbreaks occur when human-fly contact intensified; in West and Central Africa, transmission occurs in riparian forests; in East Africa, transmission occurs in dry savannas, where humidity may be an important factor; bushes and tall grasses around villages may provide habitat

Reservoir: Dependent on trypanosome; could be humans, domestic cattle, wild game

Occurrence

Trypanosomiasis Distribution
Global mean AVHRR-derived NDVI image for 1987

Sources

Benenson, A. (ed). 1995. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 16th Ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Health Information for International Travel 1999-2000. DHHS, Atlanta, GA.

Isselbacher, K.J., J.B Martin, E. Braunwald, A.S. Fauci, J.D. Wilson, D.L. Kasper (eds). 1994. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 13th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Jong, E.C., and R. McMullen (eds). 1995. The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual. 2nd Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

Tierney, L.M., Jr., S.J. McPhee, M.A. Papadakis (eds). 1996. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. 35th Ed. Appleton and Lange, Stamford, CT.

World Health Organization. 1997. Progress Report 1996. Division of Control of Tropical Diseases (CTD). Geneva, Switzerland.

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Last updated: 23 Nov 1999